Hengameh Hoshyar-Chamanarae; Madjid Momeni Moghaddam
Abstract
Mitophagy occurs exclusively in the mitochondrial organ, itself considered one of the types of autophagy, and plays a very specific role in cellular functions and controlling tissue expansion. So, knowing this process as much ...
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Mitophagy occurs exclusively in the mitochondrial organ, itself considered one of the types of autophagy, and plays a very specific role in cellular functions and controlling tissue expansion. So, knowing this process as much as possible can help us understand many of the cell processes, especially the cell aging process, and the pathways that cause physiological diseases. In the process of mitophagy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, three genes are directly involved, namely ATG 11, ATG 32, and ATG 8. This process has been researched for many years, but winning the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology for his discoveries of mechanisms for Autophagy by Yoshinori Ohsumi caused the world's attention to this cellular mechanism. In recent years, the Saccharomyces cell model has received a lot of attention in understanding the process of cell aging and chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and many types of cancer, and this article reviews the importance of the above genes and specifically examines the pathway in cervical Saccharomyces. The specific Autophagy of each organelle can help cure painful and chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and many types of cancer. They hope that by finding the mechanisms, Autophagy can make it more active or keep it active until the end of life, and in this way, it can cure these diseases or at least help cure a lot. This review article attempts to introduce and overview the role of key genes in the process.
Mohammad Nasrabadi; Faezeh Berenjkar; Maryam Hashemabadi; Mahdi Askari; Gholamreza Hashemitabar
Abstract
Escherichia coli is reported as the most common organism in humams and animals and introduced as a critical priority bacterium due to antibiotic resistance according to World Health Organization. The multi drug resistant (MDR) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing E. coli stains have ...
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Escherichia coli is reported as the most common organism in humams and animals and introduced as a critical priority bacterium due to antibiotic resistance according to World Health Organization. The multi drug resistant (MDR) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing E. coli stains have become a global health challenge worldwide since the related infections are difficult to treat. Poultry has been considered as an important reservoir of E. coli, can play an important role in transmitting these strains to humans. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing and MDR E. coli isolated from poultry and their association with different phylogroups. The current study was conducted on a collection of 100 E. coli isolates from colibacillosis in poultry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ESBL production, the prevalence of ESBL-mediated genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, and blaCTX-M) were assessed and phylogenetic groups were analyzed using the Clermont 2013 and 2019 updated methods. The highest resistance was against tetracycline (88%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (86%), and chloramphenicol (70%). Also, the frequency of ESBL-production and MDR was (41%) and (70%), respectively. The blaTEM was the most prevalent gene among isolates with a frequency of 48%. Phylogroup analysis assigned E. coli isolates to B1 (23%), D (22%), A (10%), G (11%), F (8%), B2 (5%), and C (4%). Applying antimicrobial stewardship is critical because the circulation of ESBL-producing E. coli and MDR isolates threatens medicine and veterinary. In addition, our results revealed the noticeable prevalence of the novel phylogroup G in poultry for the first time in Iran.
Ali Javadmanesh; Mojtaba Tahmoorespour; Fahime Mohammadi
Abstract
The formation of muscle myofibrils as well as the growth and hypertrophy of the muscle are controlled by various genes. Also, bioinformatics tools could be used to integrate and analyze heterogeneous data sets. In this study, by integrating the data obtained by expression array and RNA-Seq, related to ...
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The formation of muscle myofibrils as well as the growth and hypertrophy of the muscle are controlled by various genes. Also, bioinformatics tools could be used to integrate and analyze heterogeneous data sets. In this study, by integrating the data obtained by expression array and RNA-Seq, related to the muscle tissue transcriptome of Texel sheep respectively before and after birth, the DEGs, gene network, GO and biological pathways has been investigated. The microarray expression profile was extracted from the GEO database, and the RNA-Seq expression profile was extracted from ArrayExpress database. DEGs were identified with limma and sva software packages in R environment and a gene network was drawn with STRING, an application in Cytoscape software. The clustering and gene ontology were done with CytoCluster and ClueGO applications. The results showed a significant difference between the juvenile and 70-days embryonic stages the expression of 103 genes, between the adult and juvenile stages the expression of 28 genes and between adult and 70-days embryonic stages the expression of 62 genes. By constructing the gene network between these DEGs, a total of 37 selected genes were identified. The results revealed the function of these genes in cell proliferation, protein synthesis, formation and organization of myofibrils, muscle contraction and lipid metabolism. By integrating the expression data, this study provided a general view of the differences in transcriptomes in the muscle tissue of sheep. Also, the selected genes such as BUB1, RFC2, KIAA0101, RAD51, CKS2 and UQCRB were identified for the first time being reported as effective genes for myogenesis.
Alireza Safarzade
Abstract
New evidence indicates that exercise training as a stimulant of adipose tissue thermogenesis can play a positive role in preventing obesity.The purpose of research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of progressive resistance training on the levels of proteins involved in the thermogenesis of ...
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New evidence indicates that exercise training as a stimulant of adipose tissue thermogenesis can play a positive role in preventing obesity.The purpose of research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of progressive resistance training on the levels of proteins involved in the thermogenesis of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in sucrose-fed rats. Method: Twenty- four male rats were divided into normal control, sucrose control, and progressive resistance training groups. The normal control group was fed only standard food and water. In addition to free access to water and standard food, the other two groups were fed a 10% sugar solution. The exercise program started after of nutritional intervention and continued for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. After 72 hours of the last training session and 4 hours of fasting, the rats were anesthetized and blood samples and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were taken. Serum glucose and insulin level and insulin resistance index along with tissue levels of PGC-1α and UCP1 were measured. Results: The results showed that the consumption of sugar solution significantly increased serum glucose (P≥0.001) and insulin (P≥0.001) levels and HOMA-IR (P≥0.001) and decreased UCP1 levels in subcutaneous fat tissue (P≥0.03) compared to the control group. Also, progressive resistance training caused a significant decrease in insulin (P≥0.007), HOMA-IR (P≥0.025), increased UCP1 levels in visceral (P≥0.032) and subcutaneous (P≥0.005) adipose tissue compared to the sucrose control group. However, the levels of PGC1α in visceral and subcutaneous fat tissues did not show any significant changes. Conclusion: The results showed that progressive resistance training, in addition to improving insulin sensitivity, can play an effective role in the process of browning white adipose tissue by increasing the level of UCP1 in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and as a therapeutic method for improving insulin resistance and obesity.
Maryam M. Matin; Heydar Khadivi; Nasrin Sasani; Halimeh Hassanzadeh; Masoud Golestanipour; Ahmad Moloodi; Vahide Sadat Ebrahimi
Abstract
Bone graft substitutes are used in the field of bone tissue engineering, orthopedics, and dentistry to help bone repair. The sterility and apyrogenicity of the bone grafts before clinical use are considered as part of the regulatory requirements, however sterilization of biomaterials is challenging due ...
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Bone graft substitutes are used in the field of bone tissue engineering, orthopedics, and dentistry to help bone repair. The sterility and apyrogenicity of the bone grafts before clinical use are considered as part of the regulatory requirements, however sterilization of biomaterials is challenging due to the physicochemical changes resulting from the localized increase in gamma dose during irradiation. The effects of gamma radiation dose on biological behaviors of synthetic bone grafts have not been extensively investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation sterilization doses on OsvehOss synthetic bone grafts via chemical, mechanical and in vitro biological examinations.
Methods: XRD analysis and compression test were carried out to evaluate the chemical and mechanical changes of synthetic bone grafts induced by the highest gamma radiation dose applied in this study. Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were used to assay their osteogenic response while grown on a biphasic (60HA/40TCP) bone graft substitute. Cell attachment and proliferation were confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on days 3, 7 and 14 of culture. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined to assess osteogenesis. Alizarin red S (ARS) staining was also used to identify calcium deposition in osteocytes developed after differentiation of MG-63 cells.
Results and Conclusion: Our results illustrated that gamma irradiation did not cause dose-dependent changes in chemical and mechanical properties of OsvehOss BCP bone grafts when the doses increased up to 50 kGy. Furthermore, OsvehOss BCP samples demonstrated high osteoconductivity in all irradiation treatment groups. ALP and ARS analyses also indicated that application of irradiation doses up to 50 kGy for sterilization of OsvehOss BCP grafts had no significant effects on osteogenesis and calcium deposition in osteoblast cells cultured on grafts. In conclusion, OsvehOss biomaterials can be sterilized safely for biomedical applications.
