Mahnaz Aghdasi; Henriette Schluepmann; Sjef Smeekens
Abstract
Trehalose is the alpha, alpha-1,1-linked glucose disaccharide. Its metabolism is found in a wide variety of organisms and is seen as evolutionary old. Trehalose metabolites are however present at only very low concentrations and their role in plants are not understood. The physiological effects of 100 ...
Read More
Trehalose is the alpha, alpha-1,1-linked glucose disaccharide. Its metabolism is found in a wide variety of organisms and is seen as evolutionary old. Trehalose metabolites are however present at only very low concentrations and their role in plants are not understood. The physiological effects of 100 mM trehalose on growth and carbon allocation in seedlings are characterized in this paper. Trehalose feeding to Arabidopsis thaliana elicits strong responses. On 100 mM trehalose, seedlings germinate and extend cotyledons but fail to develop primary leaves. The primary roots do not grow beyond 2-3 mm and there is not any starch in root tips. In light, growth arrest on 100 mM trehalose can be rescued by exogenous supply of metabolisable sugar. Trehalose feeding results in anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll reduction. Trehalose causes cells of the root extension zone to swell and lysis. Trehalase expression analysis showed, WT seedlings grown on trehalose have 10-fold induced AtTRE1 expression compared to sorbitol treatment.
Fatemeh Moosawi; Hassan Mohabatkar; Sasan Mohsenzadeh
Abstract
Flaviviridae are viruses that cause several diseases including Dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, Tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, Yellow fever and Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Members of this family have monopartite, linear, single-stranded RNA genomes of ...
Read More
Flaviviridae are viruses that cause several diseases including Dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, Tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, Yellow fever and Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Members of this family have monopartite, linear, single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity, 9.6-12.3 kb in length. Here, we have analyzed the codon usage of 13 species of this family by using gene infinity pakage. Base and amino acid composition analysis was also performed by CAIcal server and PseAAC web-sever respectively. The results showed that the highest number of A, G and C bases were seen in the RNA genome of Dengue virus 2, Tick borne encephalitis virus and Hepatitis C virus respectively. Although the number of U base used in RNA genomes was very close, the highest U nucleotide amount was 23.77% in Wesselsbron virus. The lowest number of C, G, U and A bases was seen in Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Dengue virus 2, Tick borne encephalitis virus and Hepatitis C virus respectively. In this study, it is found that the complete genome of classical swine fever virus has a lower GC content and genome of Tick borne encephalitis virus, Hepatitis C virus and Powassan virus have a higher GC content than other species. We also classified the amino acids as rare (Phenylalanine, Cysteine, Histidine, Methionine, Asparagine, Glutamine, Tryptophan and Tyrosine), frequent (Alanine, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Leucine, Valine and Threonine), and intermediate (all others). The highest and the lowest number of preferred codons exist in Wesselsbron virus and West Nile virus, respectively.
Mahnaz Aghdasi; Fariba Fazli; Mohammad Bagher Bagherieh
Abstract
TRR14 is a novel protein important in trehalose (α-D-glucosyl-[1,1]-α-D-glucopyranoside) signaling in Arabidopsis. In this research, we provided evidences to demonstrate that TRR14 plays role in Arabidopsis responses to salt and drought stress.
The transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing TRR14 ...
Read More
TRR14 is a novel protein important in trehalose (α-D-glucosyl-[1,1]-α-D-glucopyranoside) signaling in Arabidopsis. In this research, we provided evidences to demonstrate that TRR14 plays role in Arabidopsis responses to salt and drought stress.
The transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing TRR14 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter were generated. Transformed lines showed higher transcript levels of TRR14 than that of Wild Type (WT) Arabidopsis plants. The RT-PCR results showed that TRR14 transcript level increased markedly by salt and drought stress both in WT and transformed lines. Further experiments indicated that the TRR14 transformed lines have unchanged seed germination, root length and chlorophyll content under stress conditions. In addition activity of oxidative enzymes like peroxidase and catalase were significantly induced in tranformed lines under salt and drought treatments. Thus, the present data indicate that a novel protein, TRR14, is involved in plant salt and drought tolerance.
Muhammad Irfan-Maqsood
Abstract
Stem cells are the cells having some distinguishing characteristics like longevity, high capacity of self-renewal and differentiation, quiescence and highly error-free proliferation. Almost all stem cells have the potential of lineage reprogramming, i.e. inter-conversion of cell lineages. They also have ...
Read More
Stem cells are the cells having some distinguishing characteristics like longevity, high capacity of self-renewal and differentiation, quiescence and highly error-free proliferation. Almost all stem cells have the potential of lineage reprogramming, i.e. inter-conversion of cell lineages. They also have the potential to differentiate into almost all kinds of cells. These cells have been found in almost every organs of human body. Pool of stem cells found in epidermis is termed as Epidermal Stem Cells. Many researchers around the world have reported different kinds of stem cells in skin, based on their cell surface makers, while they have not categorized these cells chronically. It is worth mentioning here that all kinds of stem cells reported in skin, i.e. keratinocyte stem cells, limbal stem cells, hair follicle and bulge stem cells, SG (sebaceous gland) stem cells, and spinous keratinocytes express specific types of cytokeratin protein (e.g. K1, K3, K5, K10, K12, K14, K15, K19 etc.) on their surfaces.
Biologists have defined that almost all of these stem cells share single origin, i.e. Basal Layer of Embryonic Skin. As the embryonic skin passes the developmental stages, the basal layer produces two mother stem cells of skin, keratinocyte stem cells, and so called Limbal Stem Cells (in cornea). Keratinocyte stem cells give rise to the cells expressing Cytokeratin proteins on their surfaces. So, all the cells expressing cytokeratin are tracked back to these stem cells in origin , while undergone natural lineage reprogramming or differentiation. The stem cells in the basal-layer give rise to keratinocyte stem cells which can be found in the basal layer of the adult skin. During the developmental stages, this basal layer, containing keratinocyte stem cells, gives rise to limbal invagination of corneal region, a linage conversion mechanism happens, and the keratinocyte stem cells are naturally reprogramed into the limbal stem cells. In basal layer of the epidermis, the keratinocyte stem cells give rise to bulge, hair follicle, and SG stem cells when placode formation takes place.
In future, we need studies to find out which kind of cytokeratin protein is expressed early in these cells. In another word it would be helpful to define the order of cytokeratin expression regarding these lineage developmental processes from embryonic to mature skin and from embryonic basal layer to the formation of cornified epithelial cells.
Muhammad Irfan-Maqsood
Abstract
Journal of Cell and Molecular Research (JCMR) was first published in 2008 as the first journal in the field of cell and molecular biology research. The need for the establishment of JCMR was felt as a platform for the young cell and molecular biology researchers under the supervision of respective experts. ...
Read More
Journal of Cell and Molecular Research (JCMR) was first published in 2008 as the first journal in the field of cell and molecular biology research. The need for the establishment of JCMR was felt as a platform for the young cell and molecular biology researchers under the supervision of respective experts. JCMR was established to focus on almost all fields of cell and molecular research and some categorical publications were planned as focusing areas of modern and innovative research done by the young researchers. Genetics, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Molecular Biology were remained the focusing areas of publications in the first five years of JCMR publications. The editorial board has proposed new strategies to increase the impact of the journal of cell and molecular research which include the focused publications and to fasten the peer-review processing of journal. Its indexing in international indexing databases like Scopus etc. will encourage the authors and editors as a milestone in the boosting of scientific quality data production.
Muhammad Irfan-Maqsood
Abstract
Wound care management is a continuous challenging task for researchers and tissue engineers. Skin substitutes (synthetic and natural) have been introduced as emergency replacements/grafts to the damaged skin and a number of problems such as infection, graft rejection, inadequate healing, short shelf ...
Read More
Wound care management is a continuous challenging task for researchers and tissue engineers. Skin substitutes (synthetic and natural) have been introduced as emergency replacements/grafts to the damaged skin and a number of problems such as infection, graft rejection, inadequate healing, short shelf life etc. have reduced their clinical importance as being the ideal skin substitutes. A number of novel ideas have been presented in last decades which have focused on the applications of stem cells as ideal candidate in the development of ideal skin substitutes.
zahra bahadori; seyed javad Mowla; Hamid Reza Kalhor
Abstract
Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF) is a paracrine-acting and epithelium-specific growth factor produced by cells of
mesenchymal origin. Based on preclinical data, recombinant KGF plays a critical role in protecting and repairing of
damaged epithelial tissues. Despite great efforts to express recombinant ...
Read More
Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF) is a paracrine-acting and epithelium-specific growth factor produced by cells of
mesenchymal origin. Based on preclinical data, recombinant KGF plays a critical role in protecting and repairing of
damaged epithelial tissues. Despite great efforts to express recombinant human KGF(rhKGF) in different organisms,
attempts for finding appropriate protein expression system with the ability of producing a properly folded and
processed KGF needs further investigation. Pichia pastoris has been used successfully and extensively for production
of industrial enzymes and pharmaceutical proteins. Herein, we investigated the affect of pro-region-α-factor early
deletion on production and secretion of rhKGF in Pichia pastoris. Initially, expression of human KGF induced in
MCF-7 cell line treated with 1, 25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3. The coding sequence of full-length rhKGF194 was then
cloned into the yeast integrative expression vector, downstream of α-factor and was integrated into P. pastoris
genome. KGF protein was expressed in P. pastoris x33 cells, usingα-factor signal peptide for translocation of KGF
to ER. An internal human signal peptide was also arranged after α-factorfor early removal of the pro-region in ER.
RT-PCR results demonstrated that KGF mRNA was expressed successfully after induction by methanol.
Recombinant KGF protein expression was detected by Western blotting in cell lysats, but not in conditioned media.
A molecular weight of 17 kD for rhKGF194 indicates that the α-factor and internal human signal peptideshad been
removed in x33 cells. The results indicate that in the absence of pro-region-α-factor, the recombinant KGF protein
was not efficiently processed and transported within the biosynthesis-secretory pathway. As KGF protein is an
unstable growth factor and tend to aggregate because of some native properties, It seems that presence of a chaperon
molecule fusion with KGF is necessary for efficient secretion of the recombinant protein.
Maryam Rezaeigazik; Mohammad Nabiuni; Hanieh Jalali; Majid Kabuli
Abstract
Morphine as an analgesic drug is used frequently in cancer patients. Contradictory results have been achieved from previous studies related to morphine effects in different concentrations. In current study, we examined the effect of clinical concentrations of morphine on A2780Cp cell line related to ...
Read More
Morphine as an analgesic drug is used frequently in cancer patients. Contradictory results have been achieved from previous studies related to morphine effects in different concentrations. In current study, we examined the effect of clinical concentrations of morphine on A2780Cp cell line related to ovarian cancer. Moreover, its effect on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin was investigated. A2780CP cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium and treated with clinical doses of morphine alone or in combination with cisplatin. The rate of cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay, morphological changes of nuclei were revealed by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was measured using flowcytometry. MTT assay results showed clinical concentration of morphine had no effect on viability of A2780CP cells and toxicity of cisplatin. DAPI staining revealed no chromatin condensation in presence of morphine, and flowcytometry analysis showed that the expression of Bcl-2 in treated cells did not differ from control cells. In accordance with findings in other kinds of cancer, our results demonstrated that morphine did not interact with the function of cispatin in ovarian cancer. This finding can be considered in clinical applications of morphine.
Akram Siavoshi; Mahdieh Taghizadeh; Elahe Dookhe; Mehran Piran; Mahsa Saliani; Shahla Mohammad Ganji
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), as a challenging disease among women with poor prognosis and unclear molecular pathogenesis, each year is responsible for 140000 deaths globally. Recent progress in the field revealed the importance of proteins as key players of different biological ...
Read More
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), as a challenging disease among women with poor prognosis and unclear molecular pathogenesis, each year is responsible for 140000 deaths globally. Recent progress in the field revealed the importance of proteins as key players of different biological events. Considering the complicated protein interactions, taking a deeper look at protein-protein interactions (PPIs) could be considered as a superior strategy to unravel complex mechanisms encountered with regulatory cell signaling pathways of ovarian cancer. Hence, PPI network analysis was performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ovarian cancer to discover hub genes which have the potential to be introduced as biomarkers with clinical utility. A PPI network with 600 DEGs was constructed. Network topology analysis determined UBC, FN1, SPP1, ACTB, GAPDH, JUN, and RPL13A, with the highest Degree (K) and betweenness centrality (BC), as shortcuts of the network. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes are commonly enriched in ribosome and ECM-receptor interaction pathways. These pivotal hub genes, mainly UBC, FN1, RPL13A, SPP1, and JUN have been reported previously as potential prognostic biomarkers of different types of cancer. However, further experimental molecular studies and computational processes are required to confirm the function and association of the identified hub genes with epithelial ovarian cancer prognosis.
Nima Dehdilani; Mohsen Fathi Najafi; Hesam Dehghani
Abstract
To achieve a reliable and persistent expression, the transgene should be precisely integrated into the genome safe harbor (GSH) loci. Little attention has been paid to find the safe harbor loci of the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) genome. Identification and characterization of GSH loci that allow ...
Read More
To achieve a reliable and persistent expression, the transgene should be precisely integrated into the genome safe harbor (GSH) loci. Little attention has been paid to find the safe harbor loci of the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) genome. Identification and characterization of GSH loci that allow the persistent and reliable expression of knock-in genes could be a major area of interest within the field of transgenic technology and is central to the development of transgenic livestock. Randomly integrated transgenes might encounter position effects and epigenetic silencing, so unstable phenotypes, as well as unreliable and unpredictable expression of the knock-in transgene could occur. In contrast to random gene insertion, site-specific gene targeting provides a superior strategy that exploits homologous recombination to insert a transgene of interest into a pre-determined locus. In this study, based on bioinformatics, gene expression atlas, and Hi-C analyses, the GSH region was predicted in the chicken genome between DRG1 and EIF4ENIF1 genes. To do so, we introduce a fast and easy-to-use pipeline that allows the prediction of orthologue GSH loci in all organisms, especially chickens. In addition, the procedure to design targeting vectors for targeting these predicted GSH regions is described in detail.
Karim Imangholiloo; Nasrin Moshtaghi; Seyed Hasan Marashi; Abdolreza Bagheri; Ahmad Sharifi
Abstract
Cellulose which is extremely produced by plants, can be used for biofuel production but this function needs chemical or enzymatic digestion. Cellulose hydrolysis of plant wastes for ethanol production requires a mixture of three enzyme groups, including endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and beta-glucosidases. ...
Read More
Cellulose which is extremely produced by plants, can be used for biofuel production but this function needs chemical or enzymatic digestion. Cellulose hydrolysis of plant wastes for ethanol production requires a mixture of three enzyme groups, including endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and beta-glucosidases. The cellobiohydrolase enzyme (Cel6B) from Thermobifidia fusca has been used for cellulase activity extensively. This research aimed to express recombinant Cel6B enzyme in Pichia pastoris. For this purpose, cel6B gene in control of AOX1 promoter (methanol inducible) was introduced into Pichia pastoris. Amplification of cel6B gene was performed by PCR technique and then introduced into the Phil-S1 yeast vector. The recombinant construct contained the cel6B gene sequence and PHO1 signal sequence as secretion signal was transferred into Pichia pastoris GS115 strain. The transformed yeast cells expressed the recombinant Cel6B to yield 2.104 U (µmol/min)/ml of culture medium. Purified recombinant enzyme showed the best activity at 60 °C and pH 4.5 and this was agreed with optimum conditions for recombinant Cel6B enzymes which were produced in other systems. The purity of the enzyme was examined by SDS–PAGE technique, and a single band with a molecular weight about 59.6 kDa was observed. As cel6B gene sequence was not optimized for expression in the Pichia pastoris yeast, this could be one of the reasons for low level activity of recombinant Cel6B enzyme. This thermostable enzyme can be used for cellulolytic digestion of biomaterials in biofuel production research and other uses.
Zahra Sepehry Javan
Abstract
Salvia is the largest genus in the Lamiaceae family in the world and Iran contains 58 species. This genus contains over 900 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants and differs from other lamias in the unusual structure of their plumage. Information on important medicinal plants' genetic diversity ...
Read More
Salvia is the largest genus in the Lamiaceae family in the world and Iran contains 58 species. This genus contains over 900 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants and differs from other lamias in the unusual structure of their plumage. Information on important medicinal plants' genetic diversity and population structure is well documented in the literature. Increased genetic diversity can reduce the negative effects of inbreeding on populations. We investigated genetic variation among eight Salvia species using ISSR molecular markers. ISSR is a molecular marker amplified by PCR using microsatellite primers. Samples were gathered from various locations in Iran. Most samples were assigned to Ardabil city. Twenty randomized ISSR primers were used, generating different polymorphic bands. The 20 ISSR primers generated 225 valuable bands and 221 bands were polymorphic (98/2%). Pairwise genetic distances ranged from 0.083 to 0.577. Dendrograms were generated using the UPGMA method using NTSYSpc 2.02i software to identify seven major groups from eight Salvia species. The polymorphism levels observed in the present study represent a high degree of genetic diversity among Salvia species. Following the first study on the genetic relationships of eight species of Salvia in Iran using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers, this study was performed using the ISSR molecular marker to investigate the genetic relationships of eight other species of Salvia. The results of this research represented that the molecular markers of the ISSR are suitable for assessing genetic variation and evolutionary relationships among Salvia species, showing a wide range of dispersal.
Habib Rezanejad; Farhang Haddad; Zahra Soheila Soheili; Maryam M. Matin; Shahram Samiei; Sepideh Zununi Vahed
Abstract
Glaucoma remains one of the major causes of blindness in today's world. The progressive field of stem cell proposes an exciting potential for discovering novel therapies. Here, we report the development of an easy and high throughput method for differentiation of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and bipolar ...
Read More
Glaucoma remains one of the major causes of blindness in today's world. The progressive field of stem cell proposes an exciting potential for discovering novel therapies. Here, we report the development of an easy and high throughput method for differentiation of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and bipolar cells from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) using PAX6 (+5a) gene expression, a master gene in development of the vertebrate visual system. HADSCs was isolated from fat tissues and confirmed by their surface markers and differentiation potential into adipocytes and osteocytes lineages. Then, the coding region of human PAX6 (+5a) gene was cloned and lentiviral particles were produced. HADSCs differentiation was characterized by morphological characteristics, qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry (ICC). The hADSCs were isolated successfully with high yield and purity (99%). After 30 hours post transduction by pLEX-pax6- pur lentiviral vectors in fibronectin supplemented medium, cells gradually showed the characteristic morphology of neuronal cells. QRT- PCR and ICC confirmed deriving of mainly RGC and marginally bipolar cells. The current investigation demonstrates the feasibility of differentiation of RGCs and bipolar cells from hADSCs using expression of PAX6 (+5a) in the medium supplemented by fibronectin.
Hajar Aryan; Zahra-Soheila Soheili
Abstract
There exists an association between PI3K pathway licentious activity and the considerable feature of high metastatic potential of the genitourinary cancer cells. Although DU 145 and 5637 have functional phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene, which antagonizes PI3K function, PC-3 ...
Read More
There exists an association between PI3K pathway licentious activity and the considerable feature of high metastatic potential of the genitourinary cancer cells. Although DU 145 and 5637 have functional phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene, which antagonizes PI3K function, PC-3 is null for PTEN gene. In pursuit to explain why PTEN bearing cell lines display high metastatic behavior, we searched for any discrepancy in PI3K isoforms expression pattern between these cell lines. Gathering gene bank data files, specific primers were designed, for all the genes of 12 studied isoforms from 3 different classes of PI3K. Total RNA was extracted and examined by Real- Time PCR to compare the cells for the type and amount of the isoforms which expressed. Cα and R2 isoforms are indicative of an equal expression for PC3 and DU145, R3 transcripts revealed 80% decrease in DU145 and Cβ, R1 and C2α demonstrated an increased expression in DU145. When a comparison is made between 5637 and PC3, it can be seen that although a little decrease in the level of R3 transcripts was demonstrated, the amount of Cα, Cβ, R2, R1 and C2α increased. In conclusion in this study it is proposed that R1, R2, Cα, Cβ , C2α and R1, Cβ , C2α are candidate genes for silencing via RNAi in 5637 and DU145, respectively, to evaluate their roles in metastatic behavior of the both studied PTEN bearing cell lines.
Asghar Mosleh Arany
Abstract
This study examines the assumption that plant resistance to herbivory has fitness costs. To assess costs, I used the standard method of determining whether there is a significant negative genetic correlation between the resistance character and damage in the presence of herbivory and with fitness in ...
Read More
This study examines the assumption that plant resistance to herbivory has fitness costs. To assess costs, I used the standard method of determining whether there is a significant negative genetic correlation between the resistance character and damage in the presence of herbivory and with fitness in the absence of herbivory. Seeds of five plants from four genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana were sown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber. Half of the resulting two months-old rosettes were used for glucosinolate analysis and for herbivory assessment. The other half was transplanted into an enclosure in the natural habitat of this plant and fitness (fruit number) was measured after harvesting the plants. Caterpillars from Spodoptera exigua were obtained from a lab culture for herbivory assessment. Two second instar caterpillars from S. exigua were placed on each of rosettes. Larval weight of caterpillars was measured after 5 days. One hundred mg dry mass of leaves of 5 rosettes of each genotypes were used for HPLC analysis. There were genetic variations in types and quantities of glucosinolate between genotypes. The results from herbivory assessment showed that the larval weight of S. exigua fed on some genotypes was significantly lower than others, and therefore there was genetic variation in resistance to herbivore for A. thaliana genotypes. Statistical analysis showed that the larval weight of S. exigua was negatively correlated with total glucosinolate concentration and with fruit number. Therefore under the condition of this experiment, glucosinolstes reduced damaged by S. exigua and exhibited significant fitness costs.
Roya Lari; Jameel A. Khan; Peter D. Kitchener
Abstract
The exact developmental origin of microglia is still under debate. In the present study we investigated which
heamatopoietic tissues and which features of the organotypic brain slice culture promoted microglia
ramification. The potential of cells derived from embryonic yolk sac, embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros ...
Read More
The exact developmental origin of microglia is still under debate. In the present study we investigated which
heamatopoietic tissues and which features of the organotypic brain slice culture promoted microglia
ramification. The potential of cells derived from embryonic yolk sac, embryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros and
adult blood monocytes was examined. These tissues were co-cultured with brain slices after the brain slices
had first been maintained in vitro for 1 day, 5 days and 9 days. When brain slices had been maintained in
culture for 1 day before the donor cells were added, the donor cells took several days to ramify. However,
when donor tissues were added to brain slices that had been 5 or 9 days maintained in culture, the donor cells
exhibited a ramified morphology within a day. Therefore changes in organotypic brain slices had an effect on
the transformation of cells to the microglial morphology. When adult blood monocytes were added to brain
slice cultures there was no evidence of any tendency to ramify over 6 days of co-culture. This study did not
support the suggestion that microglia cells derive from bone-marrow (BM) cells or from circulating
monocytes.
Amir Ghaffar Shahriari; Abdolreza Bagheri; Mohammad Reza Bassami; Saeed Malekzadeh Shafaroudi; Ali Reza Afsharifar
Abstract
Newcastle is a significant avian disease continuing to cause considerable loss. Developments in genetic engineering have led to plant-based platforms for human and animal vaccine production. Recombinant vaccine production in hairy root systems have several advantages over stable expression in whole plants, ...
Read More
Newcastle is a significant avian disease continuing to cause considerable loss. Developments in genetic engineering have led to plant-based platforms for human and animal vaccine production. Recombinant vaccine production in hairy root systems have several advantages over stable expression in whole plants, including high growth rates, ready genetic manipulations, high levels of recombinant protein production, and the potential for bioreactor culture. In an attempt to develop a recombinant vaccine in hairy roots, the sequences encoding fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) epitopes of Newcastle disease virus were cloned in pBI121 expression vector which was then transferred into leaf disks of tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum) 'Turkish' cultivar by means of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy roots developed on MS medium containing 50 mg/L kanamycin and 30 mg/L meropenem. Incorporation of the heterologous gene in the genome of hairy roots was confirmed by PCR. Expression analyses were performed by real-time PCR at transcription level and by dot-blot and ELISA assays at translation level, all confirming the expression of the heterologous gene and production of the recombinant protein.
Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad; Fariba Mohsenzadeh; Hajar Salehi
Abstract
Chromosome counting was performed in nine populations of Achillea tenuifolia Lam and eight populations of A. bieberestinii Afan (Asteraceae) collected from Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces in the west of Iran. Chromosome numbers in both species varied from 2n=2x=18 to 2n=4x=36. Some populations of both ...
Read More
Chromosome counting was performed in nine populations of Achillea tenuifolia Lam and eight populations of A. bieberestinii Afan (Asteraceae) collected from Hamedan and Kermanshah provinces in the west of Iran. Chromosome numbers in both species varied from 2n=2x=18 to 2n=4x=36. Some populations of both species showed (2n=4x=36) chromosome number that is the first report as polyploidy levels. Aneuploidy is also the first report for both species. Diploid and tetraploid individuals were observed in some populations at the same locality. B-chromosomes were observed in some populations of both species. The results indicated that polyploidy is a common future in this species similar to other Asteraceae plants.
Hamid Reza Esmaeili
Abstract
The normal and lateral line cycloid scales of a cyprinid fish; Alburnoides bipunctatus (Blotch, 1782) have been subjected to SEM to study their detailed structure. It shows the general architectural pattern of a cycloid cyprinid scale. The focus of the scale is clear and sharp located in the anterior ...
Read More
The normal and lateral line cycloid scales of a cyprinid fish; Alburnoides bipunctatus (Blotch, 1782) have been subjected to SEM to study their detailed structure. It shows the general architectural pattern of a cycloid cyprinid scale. The focus of the scale is clear and sharp located in the anterior field. Circuli are observed in all fields. Primary radii which originate from very near the focus divide the posterior field of scale into compartments. Originating far away from the focus, the secondary radii are seen. But the tertiary radii are few. The anterior radii are absent. Lepidonts (teeth-like structures) are absent or are very week on the circuli. Tubercles (granules) at the posterior filed of scale are not well developed. Many resorbtion regions are seen on the scale. Presence of a long, straight, S-shape or J-shape central canal originating from the upper margin of anterior region which in most cases extending down to the posterior margin is characteristic feature of lateral line scale. The architectural specification of scales such as focus shape and position, circuli, chromatophore, lepidonts and lateral line canal might be used as important taxonomic tools.
Dor Mohammad Kordi-Tamandani; Zohreh Rezaei; Akbar Dorgalaleh-Mail
Abstract
Congenital factor XIII deficiency is a very rare bleeding disorder, but because of the high rate of consanguineous marriages, it is common in Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran. The discovery of promoter hypermethylation of numerous miRNAs in human diseases has demonstrated an epigenetic mechanism ...
Read More
Congenital factor XIII deficiency is a very rare bleeding disorder, but because of the high rate of consanguineous marriages, it is common in Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran. The discovery of promoter hypermethylation of numerous miRNAs in human diseases has demonstrated an epigenetic mechanism for aberrant miRNA expression. The present study has analyzed methylation and expression status of miR-185 and miR-132 genes in patients with inherited factor XIII deficiency in a sample of South-Eastern Iranian population. Promoter methylation of miR-185 and miR-132 was investigated by Methylation Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MS PCR) in blood samples of 75 factor XIII deficient individuals and 74 healthy controls. Expression level of these genes was also assessed in 15 blood samples of patients and 15 healthy controls using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Analysis of miR-132 and miR-185 promoter hypermethylation did not show any significant difference between cases and controls. Relative gene expression analysis in cases (n=15) with congenital factor XIII deficiency and healthy controls (n=15) revealed no statistically significant relationship for miR-132 (p = 0.126) and miR-185 (p = 0.165) genes. Our findings indicated that promoter methylation as well as gene expression of miR-132 and miR-185 had no significant effect on etiology of factor XIII deficiency.
Mahshid Malakootian; Youssef Fouani; Parisa Naeli; Fatemeh Mirzadeh Azad; Seyed Amir Mohsen Ziaee; Seyed Javad Mowla
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently found to have important regulatory roles, and their aberrant expressions and functions are directly linked to carcinogenesis. Both urinary bladder and breast tumors are prevalent neoplasms, with high rates of incidence. To identify a potential expression alteration ...
Read More
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently found to have important regulatory roles, and their aberrant expressions and functions are directly linked to carcinogenesis. Both urinary bladder and breast tumors are prevalent neoplasms, with high rates of incidence. To identify a potential expression alteration of the recently discovered "anti-differentiation non-coding RNA, (ANCR), during tumorigenesis, we initially assessed its expression in several cancer cell lines (LNCAP, MCF-7, Ht-29, 5637, A549, HepG2, and PC3) and then compared its expression variability in tumor vs. non-tumor samples of bladder and breast. Here, ANCR expression profile was studied by qRT-PCR in paired tumor and marginal non-tumor samples obtained from patients that had been referred to the Labbafi-Nejad and Imam Khomeini Hospitals, respectively. Our data revealed a significant upregulation (p = 0.003) of ANCR in breast tumor tissues, in comparison to non-tumor marginal specimens from same patients. Similar upregulation was also detected in bladder tumor samples, however, this alteration was not statistically significant (p ≥ 0.05), probably due to small number of samples (n = 10). In conclusion, our results suggest a possible role of ANCR in tumorigenesis of bladder and breast tissues, as well as its potential usefulness as a novel diagnostic biomarker for bladder and breast tumors.
Fatemeh Gholizadeh Nasari; Morteza Behnam Rassouli; Mohammd Reza Nikravesh; Ali Moghimi
Abstract
Equisetum telmateia (Equisetaceae) seems to have anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of organic and inorganic silica were investigated on spinal cord alpha motoneuron of rats after injury of sciatic nerve. After highly compression of sciatic ...
Read More
Equisetum telmateia (Equisetaceae) seems to have anti inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of organic and inorganic silica were investigated on spinal cord alpha motoneuron of rats after injury of sciatic nerve. After highly compression of sciatic nerve in 42 Wistar rats, the injured rats were divided into sham (n= 6) and two experimental groups which each were divided into 3 subgroups (n= 6). The first subgroups received 3, 6 or 9 injections (15 mg/kg/injection, ip) of horse tail extract and the second subgroups received 3, 6 or 9 injections (6 mg/kg/injection, ip) of sodium meta silicate, respectively. The first injection was made after sciatic nerve injury and the others by 72 hours intervals. After a month, the rats were sacrificed and their spinal cord lumber segment sampled, processed for histological preparation and analyzed stereologicaly (the dissector technique) for estimation of numerical density of alpha motoneurons. The results showed significant decrease in the numerical density of alpha motoneurons in shams (p< 0.05) and no significant differences between experimental and control groups. This may suggest the neuroprotective effects of silica on the survival of alpha motoneurons.
Peyman Zargari; Mohammad R. Ghasemi; Maryam Pirhoushiaran; Veda Vakili; Javad Hami; Mohammad Taghi Farzadfard; Payam Sasan-Nezhad; Mahmood R. Azarpazhooh; Ariane Sadr-Nabavi
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the world after the cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Genetic factors have main significance to got stroke. Renin-angiotensin system contains candidate genes and polymorphisms for causing stroke. There are reported associations between stroke and ...
Read More
Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the world after the cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Genetic factors have main significance to got stroke. Renin-angiotensin system contains candidate genes and polymorphisms for causing stroke. There are reported associations between stroke and angiotensin II type-1 receptor g. 1166A > C polymorphism (rs5186). Therefore in this study this association was investigated for the east Iranian population. This study is based on 201 stroke patients and 220 controls. To predict the genetic risk of stroke allele and genotype frequencies of angiotensin II type-1 receptor rs5186 were analyzed in this population according to stroke subtypes, gender, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high and low density lipoprotein and triglycerides. According to statistical analysis no significant difference was found between case and control groups. But there were a significant relevance between total cholesterol and stroke (p = 0.037). In this population angiotensin II type-1 receptor g. 1166A > C polymorphism did not increase the risk of stroke. The main reason for this study is complex nature of gene-environment interactions in the pathophysiology of this disease.
Fatemeh Aghaei-Borashan; Mino Ilkhanipoor; Mohammad Hashemi; Farah Farrokhi1
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by joint swelling, synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Curcumin (diferuolymethane) is the most active component of Curcuma longa L. Several clinical trials have indicated curcumin to be a notable anti-inflammatory and ...
Read More
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by joint swelling, synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Curcumin (diferuolymethane) is the most active component of Curcuma longa L. Several clinical trials have indicated curcumin to be a notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound. Therefore the aim of this study is investigating the effects of curcumin on levels of inflammation and inflammatory biomarkers in arthritic rats.
Arthritis was induced by subcutaneous injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant (0.5 mL) into the right hind paw of Wistar male rats. Animals were divided into four groups (n=8). GroupI acted as control, group II arthritic rats received vehicle, group III arthritic rats were treated with curcumin (30 mg/kg, orally) and another group arthritic rats were treated with indomethacin (3 mg/kg, orally) seven days after injection of Freund’s Complete Adjuvant for 15 days. The changes caused by chronic inflammation were evaluated by measurement of the ankle circumference three times per week. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture to determine erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C.reactive protein levels and White blood cells count.
An increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C. reactive protein concentrations, White blood cells count and ankle circumference was observed in arthritic rats compared with control rats (p
seyed ali akbar Bagherian
Abstract
Yellow corky vein is a prevalent disease among navel oranges in the Fars province of Iran. Previously we showed
that a variant of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd-sycv) was associated with the disease. It was closely related to citrus variant
of HSVd from Japan (HSVd-cit8) and with 93.7% homology with lime yellow ...
Read More
Yellow corky vein is a prevalent disease among navel oranges in the Fars province of Iran. Previously we showed
that a variant of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd-sycv) was associated with the disease. It was closely related to citrus variant
of HSVd from Japan (HSVd-cit8) and with 93.7% homology with lime yellow corky vein variant of HSVd (HSVd–
lycv). In this study, putative RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis using Vector NTI program
(version 9.0.0) showed that some restriction enzymes could cut HSVd-sycv but not HSVd-lycv. On the other hand,
M.Ngo BIX and FauI which could cut HSVd-lycv at positions of nt 53 and 97, respectively, could not cut HSVdsycv.
Likewise, some restriction enzymes could cut HSVd-cit8 but could not cut HSVd-sycv. Therefore these variants
can be recognized by these restriction enzymes.
