Mohammad Nasrabadi; Faezeh Berenjkar; Maryam Hashemabadi; Mahdi Askari; Gholamreza Hashemitabar
Abstract
Escherichia coli is reported as the most common organism in humans and animals and has been identified as a critical priority bacterium due to antibiotic resistance by World Health Organization (WHO). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains have ...
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Escherichia coli is reported as the most common organism in humans and animals and has been identified as a critical priority bacterium due to antibiotic resistance by World Health Organization (WHO). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains have emerged as a significant global health challenge worldwide due to the difficulty in treating related infections. Poultry has been recognized as an important reservoir of E. coli and may play a crucial role in transmitting these strains to humans. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing and MDR E. coli isolated from poultry and to investigate their association with different phylogenetic groups. The current study was conducted on a collection of 100 E. coli isolates from colibacillosis in poultry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ESBL production, and the prevalence of ESBL-mediated genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, and blaCTX-M) were assessed. Phylogenetic groups were analyzed using both the Clermont 2013 and 2019 updated methods. The highest resistance rates were observed against tetracycline (88%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (86%), and chloramphenicol (70%). The frequencies of ESBL production and MDR were 41% and 70%, respectively. The blaTEM gene was the most prevalent among isolates, with a frequency of 48%. Phylogenetic group analysis assigned E. coli isolates to B1 (23%), D (22%), A (10%), G (11%), F (8%), B2 (5%), and C (4%). Implementing antimicrobial stewardship is crucial because the circulation of ESBL-producing E. coli and MDR isolates poses a significant threat to both human and veterinary medicine. Furthermore, our results revealed a notable prevalence of phylogroup G in poultry, which is the first report of this finding in Iran.
Fatemeh Naseri; Gholamreza Hashemitabar; Nasser Mahdavi Shahri; Hossein Nourani; Amin Tavassoli
Abstract
Immediate intervention with minimal side effects is the most significant factor in the enhancement of wound healing. However, a majority of drugs used for this purpose are chemical-based containing various compounds, such ...
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Immediate intervention with minimal side effects is the most significant factor in the enhancement of wound healing. However, a majority of drugs used for this purpose are chemical-based containing various compounds, such as sulfite, which sometimes causes allergic reactions in a number of patients, or anti-inflammatory agents that cause elevated blood sugar and weight gain. Hence, many researchers look for natural compounds, such as glycoproteins, not only to reduce the side effects but also to improve the speed of healing. In this study, we have created a natural biological dressing using the combination of extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from articular cartilage and DH5α bacterial ghost (BG). Both articular cartilage and BG contain high amounts of collagen and glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, respectively. The experimental wound on the rabbit pinna was treated by the biological dressing. Then microbial, scanning electron microscopy and microscopic analyses measured the wound healing parameters, including the number of fibroblast cells, the collagen contents, percentage of wound closure, and the number of colonies. The results confirmed ECM (OC), BG (OG) and their mixture (OGC) groups have better effects than control groups. Histological parameters, such as number of fibroblast cells and the amount of collagen fibers, represented a greater degree of wound healing in OGC group compared with OC, OG, and control groups. Our findings proved that ECM and bacterial ghost effectively increased the rate of wound healing. The mixture of ECM and BG provides a biological dressing that could be used in wound repair in the future.
