Hamideh Javadi; Parvin Salehi Shanjani
Abstract
Chamomile (Anthemis L.), an important medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, is widely distributed in Iran and other parts of the world, with 175 species. We can study chromosome characteristics such as chromosome numbers and karyotype characteristics to realize genetic variation within ...
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Chamomile (Anthemis L.), an important medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, is widely distributed in Iran and other parts of the world, with 175 species. We can study chromosome characteristics such as chromosome numbers and karyotype characteristics to realize genetic variation within and between species and their populations. In the present study, we examined the details of the chromosome number and karyological characteristics analysis of 25 populations representing four Anthemis species (A. altissima, A. hausssknechtii, A. trimfettii, and A. pseudocotula) from geographically isolated regions of Iran. Specific staining method and microscopic observation showed somatic chromosome number 2n=18 for all populations, which were confirmed by the previous data. Analysis of the karyotype formula showed a dominance of metacentric chromosomes in almost all of them. The largest chromosome and genome length belonged to two populations of A. pseudocotula species. Populations of A. pseudocotula have chromosome size, and populations of A. haussknechtii have morphology chromosome variation. A cluster analysis of the tested accessions, at 11.19 genetic distance, created three main groups that showed the similarity of members of each group. Additionally, the level of symmetric karyotypes estimated by karyotype characters and the role of each trait in the variation of species and their populations are argued. Genetic variations were confirmed between diploid populations, for different karyotype characters. Observed variation mainly caused by the morphology of chromosomes, and that, its contribution was important in discriminating the populations. We hope these data will be used in future investigations as basic information for breeding and hybridization between species and their populations.
Azam Mansoori; Mehregan Ebrahimi; Ali Gholamhosseini; Hamid Reza Esmaeili
Abstract
The karyological and cytological characteristics of an endemic cyprinodont fish of Iran, Aphanius shirini have been investigated for the first time by examining metaphase chromosomes spreads obtained from gill epithelial and kidney cells. The diploid chromosome number of this species is 48. The karyotype ...
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The karyological and cytological characteristics of an endemic cyprinodont fish of Iran, Aphanius shirini have been investigated for the first time by examining metaphase chromosomes spreads obtained from gill epithelial and kidney cells. The diploid chromosome number of this species is 48. The karyotype consisted of one submetacentric and 23 subtelocentric pairs of chromosomes (2Sm + 46St). The chromosome arm number (NF) is 50. Sex chromosomes were cytologically indistinguishable in this tooth-carp. Based on the present and previous reported diploid chromosome number for other cyprinodont species, it can be suggested that the diploid chromosome number of 2n = 48 is the modal number of the cyprinodont fish.
