Document Type : Research Articles
Authors
- Maryam M. Matin 1
- Heydar Khadivi 2
- Nasrin Sasani 2
- Halimeh Hassanzadeh 3
- Masoud Golestanipour 4
- Ahmad Moloodi 4
- Vahide Sadat Ebrahimi 2
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Materials Science and Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Department, ACECR-Khorasan Razavi, University campus, Azadi sq., Mashhad, Iran
4 Materials Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
Bone graft substitutes are used in the field of bone tissue engineering, orthopedics, and dentistry to help bone repair. The sterility and apyrogenicity of the bone grafts before clinical use are considered as part of the regulatory requirements, however sterilization of biomaterials is challenging due to the physicochemical changes resulting from the localized increase in gamma dose during irradiation. The effects of gamma radiation dose on biological behaviors of synthetic bone grafts have not been extensively investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation sterilization doses on OsvehOss synthetic bone grafts via chemical, mechanical and in vitro biological examinations.
Methods: XRD analysis and compression test were carried out to evaluate the chemical and mechanical changes of synthetic bone grafts induced by the highest gamma radiation dose applied in this study. Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were used to assay their osteogenic response while grown on a biphasic (60HA/40TCP) bone graft substitute. Cell attachment and proliferation were confirmed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on days 3, 7 and 14 of culture. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined to assess osteogenesis. Alizarin red S (ARS) staining was also used to identify calcium deposition in osteocytes developed after differentiation of MG-63 cells.
Results and Conclusion: Our results illustrated that gamma irradiation did not cause dose-dependent changes in chemical and mechanical properties of OsvehOss BCP bone grafts when the doses increased up to 50 kGy. Furthermore, OsvehOss BCP samples demonstrated high osteoconductivity in all irradiation treatment groups. ALP and ARS analyses also indicated that application of irradiation doses up to 50 kGy for sterilization of OsvehOss BCP grafts had no significant effects on osteogenesis and calcium deposition in osteoblast cells cultured on grafts. In conclusion, OsvehOss biomaterials can be sterilized safely for biomedical applications.
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