Document Type : Research Articles
Authors
1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Guilan university
Abstract
Steroid hormones in plasma play an important role in reproductive cycles of animals especially during the final maturation stages. Steroid hormones synchronize gonad developments depending to fish species reproductive strategies. The wild Cyprinid fish, Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) is an ecologically and economically important fish species which inhabit in southern coastline of the Caspian Sea in Iran. Over the past few decades, natural reproduction of this species dramatically impaired due to the urbanization, civilization close to the land and shallow water in south western of the Caspian Sea. Therefore annual sex steroid hormones and gonads development were measured to assess the annual reproductive biology of female Kutum. In this study for the first time, our aims were to determine the annual variations in sex steroid hormones; 17 β Estradiol (E2), Progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) and gonad development of female Kutum. Our results showed that plasma steroid levels in females manifested in two phases in annual reproductive cycle; the resting phase (June - February) being characterized with the lowest level of steroid hormones and the peak reproduction activity phase (March–May) with simultaneously a significant increase in level of E2, P and T in plasma. Interestingly, comparing with other Teleost fish species the baseline level of E2 in plasma of Kutum during the resting phase to some extent was also huge. Increase in concentration of plasma E2 was in accordance with an increase of gonadosomatic index during spawning season. Our results contribute to our knowledge about the reproductive biology of Kutum and calls further long-term investigation.
Keywords
Abdolhay H., Daud S., Pourkazemi M.,
Rezvani S., Siraj S., Laloei F., Javanmard A.
and Hassanzadeh Saber M. (2012)
Population genetic structure of Mahi Sefid
(Rutilus frisii kutum) in the of South
Caspian Sea: Implications for fishery
management. Iranian Journal of Animal
Biosystematics 8.
2. Abdolhay H. A., Daud S. K., Ghilkolahi S.
R., Pourkazemi M., Siraj S. S. and Satar M.
A. (2011) Fingerling production and stock
enhancement of Mahisefid (Rutilus frisii
kutum) lessons for others in the south of
Caspian Sea. Reviews in fish biology and
fisheries 21:247-257.
3. Abdoli A. 1999. The inland water fishes of
Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and
Wildlife.
4. Adebiyi F. A., Siraj S. S., Harmin S. A. and
Christianus A. (2013) Plasma sex steroid
hormonal profile and gonad histology
during the annual reproductive cycle of river
catfish Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes,
1840) in captivity. Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 39:547-557.
5. Bani A. and Vayghan A. H. (2011)
Temporal variations in haematological and
biochemical indices of the Caspian kutum,
Rutilus frisii kutum. Ichthyological research
58:126-133.
6. Barannikova I., Dyubin V., Bayunova L.
and Semenkova T. (2002) Steroids in the
control of reproductive function in fish.
Neuroscience and Behavioral physiology
32:141-148.
7. Biswas S. 1993. Manual of methods in fish
biology. South Asian Publishers.
8. Carragher J. and Pankhurst N. (1993)
Plasma levels of sex steroids during sexual
maturation of snapper, Pagrus auratus
(Sparidae), caught from the wild.
Aquaculture 109:375-388.
9. Chang C.-F. and Yueh W.-S. (1990) Annual
cycle of gonadal histology and steroid
profiles in the juvenile males and adult
females of the protandrous black porgy,
Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Aquaculture
91:179-196.
10. Di Cosmo A., Di Cristo C. and Paolucci M.
(2001) Sex steroid hormone fluctuations and
morphological changes of the reproductive
system of the female of Octopus vulgaris
throughout the annual cycle. Journal of
Experimental Zoology 289:33-47.
11. Fostier A. and Jalabert B. (1986)
Steroidogenesis in rainbow trout (Salmo
gairdneri) at various preovulatory stages:
changes in plasma hormone levels andin
vivo andin vitro responses of the ovary to
salmon gonadotropin. Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 2:87-99.
12. Genten, F., Terwinghe, E., & Danguy, A.
(2009). Atlas of fish histology. Science
Publishers
13. Guiguen Y., Jalabert B., Thouard E. and
Fostier A. (1993) Changes in plasma and
gonadal steroid hormones in relation to the
reproductive cycle and the sex inversion
process in the protandrous seabass, Lates
calcarifer. General and comparative
endocrinology 92:327-338.
14. Heidari B., Roozati S. and Yavari L. (2010)
Changes in plasma levels of steroid
hormones during oocyte development of
Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum,
Kamensky, 1901). Anim. Reprod 7:373-
381.
15. Johnson K., Thomas P. and Wilson R.
(1998) Seasonal cycles of gonadal
development and plasma sex steroid levels
in Epinephelus morio, a protogynous
grouper in the eastern Gulf of Mexico.
Journal of Fish Biology 52:502-518.
16. Kagawa H., Young G., Adachi S. and
Nagahama Y. (1982) Estradiol-17β
production in amago salmon (Oncorhynchus
rhodurus) ovarian follicles: role of the thecal
and granulosa cells. General and
comparative endocrinology 47:440-448.
17. Kagawa H., Young G. and Nagahama Y.
(1983) Relationship between seasonal
plasma estradiol-17 beta and testosterone
levels and in vitro production by ovarian
follicles of amago salmon (Oncorhynchus
rhodurus). Biology of reproduction 29:301-
309.
18. Keivany Y., Zare P. and Kalteh L. (2012)
Age, Growth and Reproduction of the
Female Kutum, Rutilus kutum (Kamensky,
1901)(Teleostei: Cyprinidae), in Gorgan-
Rud Estuary, Northern Iran. Research in
Zoology 2:7-13.
19. Kesteven G. 1960. Manual of field methods
in fisheries biology. FAO.
20. Kobayashi ayashi M., Aida K. and Hanyu I.
(1989) Involvement of steroid hormones in
the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in
female goldfish. Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 7:141-146.
21. Kobayashi D, Tanaka M, Fukada S, &
Nagahama Y. (1996) Steroidogenesis in the
ovarian follicles of the medaka (Oryzias
latipes) during vitellogenesis and oocyte
maturation. Zoological science 13:921-927.
22. Lee W. K. and Yang, S. W. (2002).
Relationship between ovarian development
and serum levels of gonadal steroid
hormones, and induction of oocyte
maturation and ovulation in the cultured
female Korean spotted sea bass Lateolabrax
maculatus (Jeom-nong-eo). Aquaculture
207(1): 169-183.
23. Lubzens E., Young G., Bobe J. and Cerdà J.
(2010) Oogenesis in teleosts: how fish eggs
are formed. General and comparative
endocrinology 165:367-389.
24. Manosroi A., Wongtrakul P., Manosroi J.,
Sakai H., Sugawara F., Yuasa M. and Abe
M. (2003). Characterization of vesicles
prepared with various non-ionic surfactants
mixed with cholesterol. Colloids and
Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 30(1), 129-138.
25. Matsuyama M., Adachi S., Nagahama Y.
and Matsuura S. (1988) Diurnal rhythm of
oocyte development and plasma steroid
hormone levels in the female red sea bream,
Pagrus major, during the spawning season.
Aquaculture 73:357-372.
26. Mojazi Amiri B., Maebayashi M., Hara A.,
Adachi S. and Yamauchi K. (1996) Ovarian
development and serum sex steroid and
vitellogenin profiles in the female cultured
sturgeon hybrid, the bester. Journal of Fish
Biology 48:1164-1178.
27. Mylonas C. C., Fostier A. and Zanuy S.
(2010) Broodstock management and
hormonal manipulations of fish
reproduction. General and comparative
endocrinology 165:516-534.
28. Nagahama Y., Yoshikuni M., Yamashita M.
and Tanaka M. (1994). 13 Regulation of
Oocyte Maturation in Fish. Fish
physiology 13: 393-439.
29. Pankhurst N. and Carragher J. (1992)
Oocyte maturation and changes in plasma
steroid levels in snapper Pagrus (=
Chrysophrys) auratus (Sparidae) following
treatment with human chorionic
gonadotropin. Aquaculture 101:337-347.
30. Pankhurst N. W. and Conroy A. M. (1988)
Endocrine changes during gonadal
maturation and spawning in the orange
roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett), a
teleost from the midslope waters of New
Zealand. General and comparative
endocrinology 70:262-273.
31. Patiño R. and Sullivan C. V. (2002) Ovarian
follicle growth, maturation, and ovulation in
teleost fish. Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 26:57-70.
32. Pavlidis M., Greenwood L., Mourot B.,
Kokkari C., Le Menn F., Divanach P. and
Scott A. (2000) Seasonal variations and
maturity stages in relation to differences in
serum levels of gonadal steroids,
vitellogenin, and thyroid hormones in the
common dentex (Dentex dentex). General
and comparative endocrinology 118:14-25.
33. Poosti A and sadegh Marvdasti A 1996
Compurgation histology and histotechique.
Tehran University press, first edition, 480P.
34. Prat F., Zanuy S., Carrillo M., De Mones A.
and Fostier A. (1990) Seasonal changes in
plasma levels of gonadal steroids of sea
bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. General and
comparative endocrinology 78:361-373.
35. Rezvani Gilkolaei S., Kavan S. and Safari R.
(2011) A study of genetic structure of
Rutilus frisii kutum in Anzali Lagoon, using
microsatellite markers. Journal of
Agricultural Science and Technology
14:327-337.
36. Rinchard J. and Kestemont P. (1996)
Comparative study of reproductive biology
in single‐and multiple‐spawner cyprinid
fish. I. Morphological and histological
features. Journal of Fish Biology 49:883-
894.
37. Rinchard J., Kestemont P., Kühn E. and
Fostier A. (1993) Seasonal changes in
plasma levels of steroid hormones in an
asynchronous fish the gudgeon Gobio gobio
L.(Teleostei, Cyprinidae). General and
comparative endocrinology 92:168-178.
38. Rosenblum P., Pudney J. and Callard I.
(1987) Gonadal morphology, enzyme
histochemistry and plasma steroid levels
during the annual reproductive cycle of male
and female brown bullhead catfish, Ictalurus
nebulosus Lesueur. Journal of Fish Biology
31:325-341.
39. Saeed S., Reza I., Bagher A. and Saeed G.(2010) Histological study of ovarian
development and sexual maturity of Kutum
(Rutilus frisii kutum Kamenskii, 1901).
World Applied Sciences Journal 8:1343-
1350.
40. Sakai N., Iwamatsu T., Yamauchi K. and
Nagahama Y. (1987) Development of the
steroidogenic capacity of medaka (Oryzias
latipes) ovarian follicles during
vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation.
General and comparative endocrinology
66:333-342.
41. Scott A., MacKenzie D. S. and Stacey N.
(1984) Endocrine changes during natural
spawning in the white sucker, Catostomus
commersoni: II. Steroid hormones. General
and comparative endocrinology 56:349-359.
42. Scott A., Sumpter J. and Hardiman P. (1983)
Hormone changes during ovulation in the
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson).
General and comparative endocrinology
49:128-134.
43. Sehafii H. H. (2014) Seasonal Fluctuations
of Sex Steroid Hormones in Indian Major
Carp Catla Catla in Khouzestan, Iran.
Journal of Environmental & Analytical
Toxicology 2014.
44. Sen U., Mukherjee D., Bhattacharyya S. and
Mukherjee D. (2002) Seasonal changes in
plasma steroid levels in Indian major carp
Labeo rohita: influence of homologous
pituitary extract on steroid production and
development of oocyte maturational
competence. General and comparative
endocrinology 128:123-134.
45. Shabana N. M. A., El Rahman S. H. A., Al
Absawy M. A. and Assem S. S. (2012)
Reproductive biology of Argyrosomus
regius (Asso, 1801) inhabiting the south
eastern Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. The
Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research
38:147-156.
46. Sisneros J. A., Forlano P. M., Knapp R. and
Bass A. H. (2004) Seasonal variation of
steroid hormone levels in an intertidalnesting
fish, the vocal plainfin midshipman.
General and comparative endocrinology
136:101-116.
47. Stacey N., MacKenzie D. S., Marchant T.
A., Kyle L. and Peter R. (1984) Endocrine
changes during natural spawning in the
white sucker, Catostomus commersoni: I.
Gonadotropin, growth hormone, and thyroid
hormones. General and comparative
endocrinology 56:333-348.
48. Taghizadeh V., Imanpoor M. R. and
Mehdinejad N. (2013) Study the seasonal
steroid hormones of common carp in
Caspian Sea, Iran. SpringerPlus 2:1.
49. Van Der Kraak G. and Donaldson E. M.
(1986) Steroidogenic capacity of coho
salmon ovarian follicles throughout the
periovulatory period. Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1:179-186.
50. Yamauchi K., Kagawa H., Ban M.,
Kasahara N. and Nagahama Y. (1984)
Changes in plasma estradiol-17beta and
17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-
one levels during final oocyte maturation of
the masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou.
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of
Scientific Fisheries (Japan).
51. Young G., Kagawa H. and Nagahama Y.
(1983) Evidence for a decrease in aromatase
activity in the ovarian granulosa cells of
amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus)
associated with final oocyte maturation.
Biology of reproduction 29:310-315.
)
Send comment about this article