Arehzoo Zaker; Hamed Norouzi Taheri
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the roots and aerial parts of Salvia abrotanoides obtained at different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and seeding) and to determine their total phenol and flavonoids ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the roots and aerial parts of Salvia abrotanoides obtained at different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and seeding) and to determine their total phenol and flavonoids content. Antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains was evaluated by disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric methods were used to determine the content of total phenol and flavonoids, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria to the extracts, respectively. The strongest antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria was recorded for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) treated with ethyl acetate extract of the root at the seeding stage, in which MIC and MBC values were 30.33 and 40.00 mg/mL, respectively. The highest content of total phenol (557.51 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (236.40 mg QE/g DW) was found in the ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts in seeding phase. At different phenological stages, the aerial parts had more total phenolic and flavonoid content than the root. Antioxidant capacity of the aerial part was also better than the roots. The ethyl acetate extract of the aerial part at the seeding phase presented the highest DPPH scavenging activity (92.51 ± 1.25 %). The results showed that S. abrotanoides extracts, especially at the seeding phase, had well potential as a source of antioxidant, antibacterial and bioactive compounds and can be considered as good candidate in the development of new drugs or as main source of food preservative compounds.
Zahra Sepehry Javan
Abstract
Salvia is the largest genus in the Lamiaceae family in the world and Iran contains 58 species. This genus contains over 900 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants and differs from other lamias in the unusual structure of their plumage. Information on important medicinal plants' genetic diversity ...
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Salvia is the largest genus in the Lamiaceae family in the world and Iran contains 58 species. This genus contains over 900 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants and differs from other lamias in the unusual structure of their plumage. Information on important medicinal plants' genetic diversity and population structure is well documented in the literature. Increased genetic diversity can reduce the negative effects of inbreeding on populations. We investigated genetic variation among eight Salvia species using ISSR molecular markers. ISSR is a molecular marker amplified by PCR using microsatellite primers. Samples were gathered from various locations in Iran. Most samples were assigned to Ardabil city. Twenty randomized ISSR primers were used, generating different polymorphic bands. The 20 ISSR primers generated 225 valuable bands and 221 bands were polymorphic (98/2%). Pairwise genetic distances ranged from 0.083 to 0.577. Dendrograms were generated using the UPGMA method using NTSYSpc 2.02i software to identify seven major groups from eight Salvia species. The polymorphism levels observed in the present study represent a high degree of genetic diversity among Salvia species. Following the first study on the genetic relationships of eight species of Salvia in Iran using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers, this study was performed using the ISSR molecular marker to investigate the genetic relationships of eight other species of Salvia. The results of this research represented that the molecular markers of the ISSR are suitable for assessing genetic variation and evolutionary relationships among Salvia species, showing a wide range of dispersal.
